What is gynaecomastia?

Gynaecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue caused by an imbalance between oestrogen and testosterone. It is a common condition that can affect one or both breasts, and while it is typically benign, it can cause emotional and psychological distress for those affected. Gynaecomastia may develop during different life stages, including puberty, adulthood, and older age. It can result from natural hormonal changes, medication, or certain medical conditions.

Causes of gynaecomastia

Gynaecomastia occurs when the balance of hormones in a man’s body shifts, increasing oestrogen levels relative to testosterone. Several factors can cause this hormonal imbalance, including:

• Hormonal changes: Natural hormonal fluctuations can occur at various stages of life. During puberty, boys often experience temporary gynaecomastia, which usually resolves as hormones stabilise. In older men, reduced testosterone production can lead to an increase in oestrogen levels, contributing to gynaecomastia. 

• Medications: Certain medications, such as anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, some antibiotics, and medications for heart conditions or mental health, can disrupt the hormonal balance, leading to the development of gynaecomastia. 

• Medical conditions: Conditions affecting the liver, kidneys, thyroid, or hormone-producing glands can contribute to gynaecomastia. Obesity can also lead to increased oestrogen levels due to the conversion of androgens to oestrogen in fatty tissue. 

• Substance use: The use of substances such as alcohol, anabolic steroids, marijuana, or recreational drugs has been linked to the development of gynaecomastia. 

• Herbal supplements: Some herbal products, particularly those containing plant-based oestrogens, may contribute to gynaecomastia. 

Symptoms of gynaecomastia

The main symptom of gynaecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue, which can affect one or both breasts. Other symptoms may include: 

• Tenderness or pain: The enlarged breast tissue may feel tender, sore, or sensitive to the touch. 

• Swelling: In addition to tissue growth, swelling may occur in the breast area. 

• Nipple changes: Although rare, some men may experience discharge from the nipple or changes in its appearance. 

If you notice any of these symptoms or changes in your breast tissue, it is important to seek medical advice to rule out other conditions and receive the appropriate treatment. ent.

Diagnosis of gynaecomastia

At Birmingham Breast Clinic, our specialists will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause of your gynaecomastia and recommend the best treatment options. Diagnosis typically involves: 

• Medical history: Your doctor will take a detailed medical history, including any medications or supplements you are taking, as well as lifestyle factors that may contribute to the condition. 

• Physical examination: A physical examination will be performed to assess the size, texture, and location of the breast tissue, as well as check for any lumps or abnormalities. 

• Imaging tests: If necessary, imaging tests such as ultrasound or mammography may be recommended to further evaluate the breast tissue and rule out other conditions, such as male breast cancer or cysts. 

• Blood tests: Blood tests may be carried out to check hormone levels and assess liver, kidney, and thyroid function. 

Treatment options for gynaecomastia

The treatment for gynaecomastia depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the condition, and the impact on the patient’s quality of life. Common treatment options include:

• Observation and lifestyle changes:
  • In mild cases or when gynaecomastia is due to puberty, the condition may resolve on its own without treatment. Your doctor may recommend monitoring the situation over time.
  • Lifestyle changes, such as reducing alcohol consumption, discontinuing the use of substances that may contribute to gynaecomastia (such as anabolic steroids or certain medications), and maintaining a healthy weight, may help reduce breast tissue enlargement.
• Medications:
  • If gynaecomastia is caused by a hormonal imbalance, medications that help restore the balance between oestrogen and testosterone may be prescribed. Hormone therapy can help reduce breast tissue growth and alleviate symptoms.
• Surgical treatment:
  • For men with persistent or severe gynaecomastia, surgery may be the most effective option. The procedure commonly involves a combination of liposuction and excision to remove excess fatty and glandular tissue, creating a flatter, more masculine chest appearance.
  • Surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia, and patients can usually return home the same day. Recovery times vary, but most patients can resume light activities within a few days and return to their normal routine within a few weeks.

Recovery after gynaecomastia surgery

After surgery, most men experience a quick recovery. Key points to consider during recovery include: 

• Pain management: Some discomfort, swelling, and bruising are normal after surgery. Your doctor will prescribe pain relief to help manage this. 

• Wearing a compression garment: To reduce swelling and support healing, you may be advised to wear a compression garment for several weeks. 

• Wound care: Follow your surgeon’s instructions for caring for the surgical site to promote healing and minimise the risk of infection. 

• Resuming normal activities: Light activities can usually be resumed within a week, but strenuous activities and heavy lifting should be avoided for about 4 to 6 weeks. 

Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?

At Birmingham Breast Clinic, we provide expert care for men seeking treatment for gynaecomastia. When you choose us, you benefit from:

• Experienced specialists: Our surgeons have extensive experience in performing gynaecomastia surgery and related procedures.
• Personalised treatment plans: We tailor treatment options to meet your individual needs and preferences.
• Comprehensive care: From diagnosis to treatment and recovery, we offer full support every step of the way.

Contact us

If you are experiencing gynaecomastia and would like to explore your treatment options, contact Birmingham Breast Clinic today to schedule a consultation. Our expert team is here to help.