What is a breast cyst?

A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops within the breast tissue. It is a common and benign (non-cancerous) condition, often occurring in women aged 35 to 50, particularly around menopause. You may have one or multiple cysts in one or both breasts, and they can vary in size.

Breast cysts are not linked to breast cancer and do not increase your risk. They can feel like a soft or firm lump, depending on their size and the amount of fluid they contain. Some may resolve on their own, while others may require drainage if they become painful or uncomfortable.

Symptoms of a breast cyst

The symptoms of a breast cyst depend on its size and whether it changes with your menstrual cycle. You may notice:

• A round or oval lump that feels smooth and soft but may also be firm
• A lump that moves easily under the skin
• Tenderness or discomfort, especially before your period
• Changes in size as cysts can shrink or enlarge with hormonal fluctuations
• A sense of fullness or swelling in the breast

Some cysts are too small to be felt and are only detected during a routine breast examination or screening.

Causes of breast cysts

The exact cause of breast cysts is not fully understood, but they are believed to be related to hormonal changes, particularly oestrogen levels. This is why they are more common in premenopausal women and may disappear after menopause unless you are on hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Cysts form when fluid accumulates within the milk glands, leading to the development of a small sac-like structure. Some women develop cysts regularly, while others may never have one.

When to see a doctor

If you find a new lump in your breast, it is always best to have it checked by a GP or breast specialist. While most lumps are harmless, ruling out other possible causes is important.

Seek medical advice if:

• You find a new lump in your breast
• An existing lump changes in size, shape, or texture
• You experience breast pain or discomfort that persists
• There is nipple discharge, especially if it is blood-stained
• You notice skin changes such as redness, dimpling, or puckering

How breast cysts are diagnosed

To determine whether a lump is a cyst, your doctor may recommend the following tests:

• Breast examination where the doctor will feel the lump to assess its size and texture
• Ultrasound scan to help identify whether the lump is fluid-filled or solid
• Mammogram which is an X-ray of the breast, often recommended for women over 40
• Fine needle aspiration which is a procedure where a thin needle is used to drain fluid, often providing immediate relief

These tests help distinguish cysts from other types of breast lumps to ensure the correct diagnosis.

Treatment options

Most cysts do not require treatment and may resolve naturally. However, if a cyst is large, painful, or causing discomfort, treatment options include:

• Fine needle aspiration which is a procedure where a thin needle is used to drain fluid, often providing immediate relief
• Pain relief using over-the-counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol
• Supportive measures like wearing a well-fitted bra to help reduce tenderness

If a cyst keeps returning or contains blood-stained fluid, further tests may be recommended to rule out any underlying concerns.

Can breast cysts recur?

Some women develop cysts repeatedly, especially during hormonal changes. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups can help monitor any changes.

Checking your breasts

Regular self-examinations help with early detection of any changes. We recommend checking your breasts at least once a month, looking for lumps, skin changes, or nipple discharge. If you notice anything unusual, seek medical advice.

Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?

Birmingham Breast Clinic provides expert, patient-centred care with quick access to diagnosis, advanced imaging, and a highly experienced team of breast specialists. Our clinic offers a supportive environment with direct access to further treatment if needed, ensuring you receive the highest level of care.

Contact us

If you have concerns about a breast lump or need expert advice, our specialist team is here to help. Early assessment can provide clarity and peace of mind.