What is an intraductal papilloma?
An intraductal papilloma is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that develops inside the milk ducts of the breast. It is made up of glandular and fibrous tissue and can appear as a single lump behind the nipple or as multiple smaller growths in different areas of the breast.
This condition is not linked to breast cancer, but because some papillomas may contain abnormal (atypical) cells, they should be assessed by a doctor. Intraductal papillomas are more common in women over 40, but they can occur at any age.
Symptoms of an intraductal papilloma
An intraductal papilloma may cause:
- A small lump behind or near the nipple
- Nipple discharge, which may be clear, yellow, or blood-stained
- Breast pain or tenderness around the lump
- Swelling or thickening in the breast tissue
- Changes in the nipple, such as inversion (pulling inwards) or irritation
Some intraductal papillomas do not cause symptoms and are only found during routine breast screening.
Causes of intraductal papillomas
The exact cause is unknown, but they are thought to be linked to hormonal changes that affect the milk ducts. They may form when cells in the milk ducts grow abnormally, creating a small wart-like lump inside the duct.
Women who have a history of breast lumps, hormonal imbalances, or breast infections may be more likely to develop intraductal papillomas.
When to see a doctor
If you notice nipple discharge, a lump, or any changes in your breast, it is important to see a GP or breast specialist. While intraductal papillomas are usually harmless, other conditions can cause similar symptoms, so an accurate diagnosis is important.
You should seek medical advice if:
- You have nipple discharge, especially if it is blood-stained
- You feel a lump behind or near the nipple
- You experience breast pain or discomfort that does not go away
- You notice changes in the nipple, such as inversion, crusting, or itching
How intraductal papillomas are diagnosed
Your doctor may recommend several tests to confirm the diagnosis:
- Breast examination to check for lumps, nipple discharge, or other changes
- Ultrasound scan to look at the milk ducts and detect papillomas
- Mammogram to assess any abnormalities in the breast tissue
- Ductogram (galactogram) where a special dye is injected into the milk ducts before an X-ray to show any blockages or growths
- Core biopsy or fine needle aspiration to take a sample of tissue or fluid for further testing
These tests help differentiate intraductal papillomas from other conditions and confirm whether the growth contains any abnormal cells.
Treatment options
If the intraductal papilloma is small and not causing symptoms, it may not require treatment and can be monitored with regular check-ups. However, if it is causing nipple discharge, pain, or contains abnormal cells, removal may be recommended.
Treatment options include:
- Surgical excision – a minor procedure to remove the affected milk duct along with the papilloma
- Duct excision – if multiple papillomas are present, a larger section of the duct may be removed
Surgical removal is usually straightforward and does not affect the shape of the breast. Most women recover quickly with minimal scarring.
Can intraductal papillomas come back?
Once removed, intraductal papillomas do not usually return, but new ones can develop over time. Regular breast self-examinations and routine check-ups can help detect any changes early.
Checking your breasts
Regular self-examinations help with early detection of any changes. Becoming familiar with how your breasts normally feel makes it easier to notice new lumps, nipple discharge, or skin changes. If you find anything unusual, speak to your doctor.
Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?
Birmingham Breast Clinic provides expert, patient-centred care with quick access to diagnosis, advanced imaging, and a highly experienced team of breast specialists. Our clinic offers a supportive environment with direct access to further treatment if needed, ensuring you receive the highest level of care.
Contact us
If you have concerns about a breast lump, nipple discharge, or any changes in your breasts, our specialist team is here to help. Early assessment can provide clarity and peace of mind.
