What is fibrocystic change?

Fibrocystic change is a benign (non-cancerous) condition that causes the breast tissue to feel lumpy, swollen, or tender. It is one of the most common breast conditions and can affect women of all ages, but it is most frequently seen in those aged 30 to 50.

This condition is not linked to breast cancer and does not increase your risk. Symptoms often fluctuate with the menstrual cycle and may improve after menopause.

Symptoms of fibrocystic change

Fibrocystic breasts can feel different from person to person, but common symptoms include:

• Lumps or thickened areas in one or both breasts
• Tenderness or pain, particularly before a period
• Swelling or fullness in the breasts
• Fluctuating lump size, with changes throughout the menstrual cycle
• Occasional nipple discharge, which is usually clear or slightly milky

The lumps caused by fibrocystic change are soft or rubbery and may move slightly when touched. Some women experience these symptoms in both breasts, while others notice them in just one.

Causes of fibrocystic change

Fibrocystic change is linked to hormonal fluctuations, particularly oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones affect the breast tissue, causing fluid-filled cysts, swelling, or thickening of the glandular tissue.

Symptoms may become more noticeable:

• Before a period, due to hormonal changes
• During pregnancy, as breast tissue responds to increased hormone levels
• With hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in some postmenopausal women

When to see a doctor

Although fibrocystic change is harmless, any new lump or change in your breasts should be checked by a GP or breast specialist. Seek medical advice if you notice:

• A new lump that does not change with your cycle
• A lump that feels hard or fixed in place
• Persistent breast pain that does not go away
• Nipple discharge, particularly if it is blood-stained
• Changes in the shape, size, or texture of the breast

How fibrocystic change is diagnosed

To confirm whether breast changes are due to fibrocystic tissue, your doctor may recommend:

• Breast examination to assess the lumps, swelling, or tenderness
• Ultrasound scan to check if lumps are fluid-filled cysts or solid masses
• Mammogram to examine the breast tissue, particularly in women over 40
• Core biopsy or fine needle aspiration if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis

These tests help differentiate fibrocystic change from other breast conditions and ensure the correct diagnosis.

Treatment options

Most women do not require treatment for fibrocystic change, and symptoms often improve naturally. However, if discomfort is significant, options include:

• Pain relief using over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol
• Supportive bras to reduce tenderness and provide extra comfort
• Reducing caffeine intake, which some women find helpful in minimising symptoms
• Warm compresses to ease breast discomfort
• Fine needle aspiration to drain larger fluid-filled cysts if they are painful

If symptoms are severe or persistent, further treatment options may be discussed with your doctor.

Can fibrocystic change come back?

Yes, symptoms can reoccur or persist, especially in women who are still menstruating. The lumps and tenderness often fluctuate with the menstrual cycle and may improve after menopause when hormone levels decrease.

Checking your breasts

Regular breast self-examinations help with early detection of any changes. Understanding what is normal for you makes it easier to notice any new lumps or changes. If you find anything unusual, seek medical advice.

Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?

Birmingham Breast Clinic provides expert, patient-centred care with quick access to diagnosis, advanced imaging, and a highly experienced team of breast specialists. Our clinic offers a supportive environment with direct access to further treatment if needed, ensuring you receive the highest level of care.

Contact us

If you have concerns about a breast lump, ongoing breast pain, or any changes in your breasts, our specialist team is here to help. Early assessment can provide clarity and peace of mind.