What is duct ectasia?
Duct ectasia is a benign (non-cancerous) breast condition that occurs when one or more milk ducts beneath the nipple become wider and filled with fluid. This can lead to thickening of the duct walls, blockages, or inflammation, sometimes causing nipple discharge or discomfort.
It is most common in women over 50, especially those approaching or going through menopause. Duct ectasia is not linked to breast cancer and often improves on its own or with simple treatments.
Symptoms of duct ectasia
Duct ectasia may cause:
- Nipple discharge which can be white, green, yellow, or brown
- Tenderness or discomfort behind the nipple
- A lump or thickened area near the nipple
- Inverted or pulled-in nipple
- Redness or swelling around the nipple
Some women experience no symptoms, and the condition is only found during a routine breast check.
Causes of duct ectasia
Duct ectasia occurs when the milk ducts widen and become blocked, often due to natural ageing and hormonal changes. As women get older, the milk ducts behind the nipple can shorten and thicken, leading to fluid build-up or inflammation.
Other possible causes include:
- Smoking, which can cause inflammation in the ducts
- Infections or inflammation in the breast tissue
- Nipple trauma or previous breast surgery
When to see a doctor
If you notice nipple discharge, breast pain, or changes in the nipple, it is important to see a GP or breast specialist. While duct ectasia is harmless, it can cause symptoms similar to other breast conditions, so an accurate diagnosis is needed.
Seek medical advice if you have:
- Persistent nipple discharge, especially if it is blood-stained
- A new lump or thickening behind the nipple
- Ongoing pain or discomfort in the breast
- Changes in the nipple, such as inversion, redness, or irritation
How duct ectasia is diagnosed
To confirm a diagnosis, your doctor may recommend:
- Breast examination to check for lumps, nipple changes, or tenderness
- Ultrasound scan to assess the milk ducts and any fluid build-up
- Mammogram to examine the breast tissue in more detail
- Ductogram (galactogram) where a special dye is injected into the milk ducts before an X-ray to highlight any blockages
- Core biopsy or fine needle aspiration if a lump is present, to take a sample for further analysis
These tests help distinguish duct ectasia from other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options
Duct ectasia often resolves on its own, but if symptoms persist, treatment may be needed. Options include:
- Warm compresses to help reduce discomfort and encourage fluid drainage
- Pain relief with over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol
- Antibiotics if an infection is present
- Surgical removal of the affected duct if symptoms are severe or ongoing
Surgery is usually only required if there is persistent discharge, infection, or concern about the diagnosis. It is a minor procedure that does not affect the shape of the breast.
Can duct ectasia come back?
Once the affected duct has healed or been removed, duct ectasia does not usually return. However, new blockages can form over time, particularly in women who smoke or have ongoing breast inflammation.
Checking your breasts
Regular self-examinations help with early detection of any changes. Becoming familiar with how your breasts normally feel makes it easier to notice new lumps, nipple discharge, or skin changes. If you find anything unusual, speak to your doctor.
Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?
Birmingham Breast Clinic provides expert, patient-centred care with quick access to diagnosis, advanced imaging, and a highly experienced team of breast specialists. Our clinic offers a supportive environment with direct access to further treatment if needed, ensuring you receive the highest level of care.
Contact us
If you have concerns about nipple discharge, breast pain, or any changes in your breasts, our specialist team is here to help. Early assessment can provide clarity and peace of mind.
