What is breast angiosarcoma? 

Breast angiosarcoma is a rare type of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Unlike other forms of breast cancer, angiosarcoma does not arise from breast ducts or lobules. Instead, it develops in the cells that make up the walls of the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels within the breast tissue. Angiosarcomas tend to grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body such as the lungs and liver.  

There are two main types of breast angiosarcoma: 

• Primary angiosarcoma: This occurs without any prior radiation treatment and usually affects younger women, typically under the age of 40. 

• Secondary angiosarcoma: This form arises as a complication of previous radiation therapy to the breast, often appearing 5-10 years after treatment. Secondary angiosarcoma is more common and generally affects older women who have previously been treated for breast cancer. 

Secondary angiosarcomas are also called treatment related breast sarcomas and are more common. They usually develop in older women 5-10 years after having radiotherapy to the breast for a previous breast cancer.  

Symptoms of breast angiosarcoma 

Breast angiosarcoma can present with symptoms that are often subtle at first, making early detection challenging. Common symptoms include: 

• A rapidly growing mass in the breast 

• Discolouration of the skin over the breast, often appearing purplish or reddish 

• Swelling or tenderness in the affected area 

• A firm lump that feels different from typical benign breast lumps 

Due to the aggressive nature of angiosarcoma, any sudden changes in the breast, especially after previous radiation therapy, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional promptly. 

Diagnosis of breast angiosarcoma 

Diagnosing breast angiosarcoma involves a combination of physical examinations, imaging tests, and biopsy procedures: 

• Imaging tests: Mammograms, ultrasound, and MRI scans are used to assess any abnormal masses or changes within the breast tissue. 

• Biopsy: A tissue biopsy is essential for diagnosing angiosarcoma. This procedure involves taking a small sample of the affected tissue, which is then examined under a microscope. The biopsy can confirm the presence of cancerous cells and help differentiate angiosarcoma from other types of breast cancer. 

Treatment options for breast angiosarcoma 

Treatment for breast angiosarcoma typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiotherapy, depending on the stage and progression of the disease. 

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumour is often the first line of treatment. In many cases, a mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) is necessary to ensure that all cancerous cells are removed, as breast angiosarcoma tends to have irregular and diffuse margins. Breast-conserving surgery is usually not recommended due to the high risk of recurrence. 

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used alongside surgery, especially if the cancer has spread beyond the breast. While chemotherapy has limited effectiveness against angiosarcoma compared to other cancers, certain chemotherapy drugs can help slow tumour growth and prevent metastasis (spread to other parts of the body). 

• Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is generally used sparingly in treating breast angiosarcoma, especially for secondary angiosarcoma cases, as it can increase the risk of recurrence. However, in specific cases where the tumour is resistant to other treatments, targeted radiotherapy may be considered to control tumour growth. 

Prognosis and follow-up care 

Breast angiosarcoma is an aggressive cancer, and its prognosis depends on factors like the size and stage of the tumour, its location, and whether it has spread. Primary angiosarcoma generally has a better prognosis than secondary angiosarcoma. Regular follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring recurrence or the development of any new symptoms. Advanced imaging techniques and periodic check-ups help ensure that any signs of recurrence are detected early. 

Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic? 

At Birmingham Breast Clinic, our team of expert surgeons have extensive experience in managing complex breast cancers, including rare cases like breast angiosarcoma. We understand the unique challenges that come with this diagnosis and are committed to providing personalised care tailored to each patient’s needs. Our consultants work closely with patients to explain treatment options, answer any questions, and support them through each stage of their journey. 

Contact us 

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with breast angiosarcoma, or if you have noticed any concerning symptoms, please reach out to Birmingham Breast Clinic. We are here to help answer any questions you may have and to provide expert care every step of the way. You can contact us through our website or call us directly to schedule a consultation. Our team is ready to support you with the highest standard of care.