What is an excision biopsy?

An excision biopsy is a surgical procedure used to remove a lump or abnormal tissue from the breast for further examination. The goal of an excision biopsy is to provide a definitive diagnosis by removing the entire lump or a portion of abnormal tissue, allowing for detailed analysis by a pathologist. This procedure is commonly performed when other tests, such as a needle biopsy or imaging scans, have not provided enough information to determine whether the lump is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Why is an excision biopsy needed?

An excision biopsy is typically recommended when:

• A lump or abnormal area has been detected in the breast through imaging tests such as a mammogram or ultrasound.
• A previous biopsy (such as a fine needle aspiration or core biopsy) has returned inconclusive or suspicious results.
• The lump or abnormality is growing or changing in size.
• The healthcare provider needs to confirm whether a lump is benign or malignant.

The excision biopsy provides a more comprehensive sample of tissue, allowing the pathologist to analyse the cells thoroughly and determine whether cancer is present.

The excision biopsy procedure

An excision biopsy is usually performed under local or general anaesthetic, depending on the size and location of the lump and patient preference. The procedure involves the following steps:

• Marking the area: Before surgery, the surgeon or radiologist may use imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or mammography, to locate the lump or abnormal tissue. A marker may be placed to guide the surgeon during the procedure.
• Making the incision: The surgeon makes a small incision in the breast over or near the lump. Through this incision, the surgeon carefully removes the entire lump or a portion of abnormal tissue.
• Closure: Once the lump is removed, the incision is closed with stitches (sutures). In most cases, dissolvable stitches are used, which do not need to be removed.
• Tissue analysis: The removed tissue is sent to a laboratory, where it is examined by a pathologist to determine whether cancer cells are present.

An excision biopsy typically takes around 30 to 60 minutes to complete, and most patients can go home the same day.

Benefits of an excision biopsy

Excision biopsies provide several important benefits, including:

• Accurate diagnosis: By removing the entire lump or a portion of abnormal tissue, the biopsy provides a more comprehensive sample for analysis, helping to ensure a precise diagnosis.
• Definitive results: An excision biopsy is one of the most reliable methods for determining whether a lump is benign or malignant, offering patients peace of mind or early treatment options if cancer is detected.
• Minimally invasive: While it is a surgical procedure, an excision biopsy is less invasive than other forms of surgery and generally has a quick recovery time.

Recovery after excision biopsy

Recovery from an excision biopsy is usually straightforward, with most patients experiencing only mild discomfort. The following steps are typically recommended:

• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relief, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, can be used to manage any discomfort.
• Wound care: The wound should be kept clean and dry. Your surgeon will provide instructions on how to care for the incision site and when to return for follow-up.
• Avoiding strenuous activity: You should avoid heavy lifting and vigorous physical activity for a few days to allow the area to heal properly.

Most women can return to normal activities within a few days. If dissolvable stitches were used, they will not need to be removed; otherwise, your surgeon will advise on when stitches should be taken out.

Risks and complications

While excision biopsy is generally safe, there are some potential risks and complications, including:

• Infection: There is a small risk of infection at the incision site, but this can usually be treated with antibiotics.
• Bleeding or bruising: Some bleeding or bruising is normal after the procedure, but severe bleeding is rare.
• Scarring: An excision biopsy may leave a small scar on the breast, though this usually fades over time.
• Changes in breast shape: Depending on the size of the lump removed, there may be a slight change in the shape of the breast. However, this is typically minimal.

Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you before the procedure and provide guidance on how to minimise any complications.

Results and next steps

The results of the excision biopsy are usually available within one to two weeks. If the biopsy confirms that the lump is benign, no further treatment may be necessary. However, if cancer cells are found, your healthcare team will discuss the next steps, which may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of treatments depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Why choose Birmingham Breast Clinic?

At Birmingham Breast Clinic, we are committed to providing expert care in breast diagnostics and treatment. Our services are delivered by a team of highly skilled specialists. When you choose Birmingham Breast Clinic, you can expect:

• Personalised treatment plans: Tailored to your individual diagnosis and health needs.
• Experienced surgeons: Our team is experienced in performing excision biopsies with precision and care.
• Comprehensive care: From diagnosis through to treatment and follow-up, we are with you every step of the way.

Contact us

If you have been advised to undergo an excision biopsy, contact Birmingham Breast Clinic today to schedule a consultation. Our team is here to provide expert care and support throughout your breast health journey.